In vitro evaluation of one-way valves for ventriculosinus shunt systems: an experimental model

Maes Maxim, Vandermeiren Sebastien, 2025
Hydrocephalus affects millions of people worldwide and is particularly prevalent among infants and the elderly. Without timely intervention, the condition can be life-threatening, especially in these vulnerable populations. Hydrocephalus can often be effectively treated when diagnosed early, using surgical interventions such as shunt systems or endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), both of which have greatly improved survival rates. Most cases of hydrocephalus are managed with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts, the standard treatment method. However, VP shunts pose significant challenges, with complication rates notably high. It is estimated that overall shunt failure rates range from 50-70% within the first year after placement. The main causes of shunt failure in both pediatric and adult populations are shunt obstruction and infection. Infections often lead to early shunt failures, while catheter obstructions typically cause late failures. These high failure rates have imposed a significant economic burden, as hydrocephalus requires continuous production of new (and often expensive) shunts and repeated surgeries. This cycle not only strains healthcare resources but also increases the risk of complications, negatively impacting quality patient care. Frequent shunt failures and associated complications contribute to prolonged hospital stays and additional treatments, further affecting healthcare systems and patients’ well-being. To address these issues, researchers have focused on a new type of shunt called the ventriculosinus (VS) shunt, which, unlike the VP shunt, drains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to its natural absorption site, the sinus sagittalis superior. The VS shunt offers a simple, minimally invasive, and physiologically favorable alternative, with significant advantages documented in various studies. However, it still presents challenges, such as potential backflow and clot formation at the shunt's end, which can lead to failure. Developing a one-way valve that prevents backflow and reduces the risk of clot formation could revolutionize the treatment of hydrocephalus. This advancement could ease the economic burden and significantly improve patient care by minimizing the need for repeated surgeries. This thesis will test possible valves to evaluate their effectiveness in maintaining one-way flow and reducing shunt-related complications, aiming to identify designs that provide reliable, long-term functionality and enhance overall patient outcomes.

Promotor Patrick Segers
Opleiding Geneeskunde
Domein Neurologie
Kernwoorden Hydrocephalus, Cerebral Fluid Dynamics, Cerebral Shunt, Shunt Valve, Functional Tests Hydrocephalus Cerebral Fluid Dynamics Cerebral Shunt Shunt Valve Functional Tests