Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health concern. The International Diabetes Federation (2025) estimates that 589 million people will be living with diabetes by 2025, largely due to unhealthy dietary patterns, physical inactivity, and rising obesity rates1. As a result, healthcare systems face increasing challenges in managing T2DM and its long-term complications which contribute to reduced life expectancy and rising healthcare costs2. Although personalised nutrition has gained attention, its application in T2DM care remains limited. Polyphenols, bioactive compounds found in plant-based foods, have shown potential to help regulate blood sugar and improve insulin sensitivity in people with T2DM3. This study aims to bridge the gap between the growing evidence and the limited application of personalised nutrition strategies in individuals with T2DM by examining how these people differ in their ability to metabolise polyphenols. The study focuses on two important physiological factors: gut transit time, defined as the duration for ingested food to pass through the gastrointestinal tract, and gut biocapacity, referring to the functional capacity of the gut to absorb, distribute, metabolise, and excrete dietary compounds. By identifying subgroups, based on these physiological factors, the study supports the development of targeted dietary strategies. The findings are relevant to stakeholders in the healthcare and nutrition sectors, including clinicians, public health policymakers, and related professionals. Ultimately, this research supports the development of a simple, cost-effective screening tool to enable personalised nutrition, improve patient outcomes, and to reduce pressure on healthcare systems.