Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) arises from diabetes-induced nerve damage, primarily impacting peripheral nerves. This damage often leads to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and pain in the lower extremities. Additionally, it affects muscles, causing muscle weakness, loss, and alterations in muscle fiber type composition. By examining these changes, researchers can better understand how they contribute to DPN-related muscle weakness and loss. Different types of muscle fibers respond differently to various stimuli and conditions, offering valuable insights into the functional impairments experienced by individuals with DPN. Understanding the relationship between DPN and muscle fiber type distribution is crucial, particularly in the absence of a curative treatment for DPN. The knowledge of this relationship paves the way for targeted interventions and educational initiatives aimed at early detection, proactive management, and lifestyle modifications to mitigate the progression of DPN and its associated muscle impairments. Recent studies highlight the efficacy of specific exercise programs in improving muscle function in DPN individuals. Both strength training and aerobic exercises have shown promise in enhancing physical capabilities and delaying the progression of muscle weakness. These programs also contribute to better blood sugar control, which is crucial for managing diabetes and preventing further complications. Addressing the muscle impairments caused by DPN is crucial for improving the well-being of diabetic patients and alleviating the strain on healthcare systems. This research not only promises improved patient outcomes but also offers potential cost savings, ultimately contributing to healthier and more resilient communities.